Evaluating serum galectin-3 binding protein as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in pulmonary arterial hypertension: a comparative study

Arif Albulushi; Lama S. Alfehaid; Mosaad Alhussein; Amr Youssef

doi:10.4081/cardio.2024.50

Authors

Arif Albulushi

dr.albulushi@gmail.com

Department of Adult Cardiology, National Heart Center, The Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman.

Lama S. Alfehaid

College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Mosaad Alhussein

King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh; College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Amr Youssef

Division of Cardiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.

Background: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a severe condition with poor prognosis, characterized by elevated pulmonary artery pressure that leads to right ventricular failure. Identifying reliable biomarkers, such as Galectin-3 Binding Protein (Gal-3BP), could enhance PAH diagnosis and prognosis due to Gal-3BP's involvement in inflammation and fibrosis.
Methods: This prospective cohort study included 260 participants, 130 diagnosed with PAH and 130 healthy controls, from a tertiary care center. Serum Gal-3BP, NT-proBNP, and other biomarkers were measured alongside regular cardiopulmonary assessments. Right heart catheterization assessed hemodynamic parameters, and survival was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier curves over a 2-year period.
Results: PAH patients exhibited significantly higher serum Gal-3BP levels (5.34 ± 2.45 μg/mL) than controls (2.15 ± 0.95 μg/mL, p<0.001), correlating with elevated pulmonary artery pressure and reduced cardiac output (p<0.001). Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated lower survival rates for patients with Gal-3BP levels above the median (p<0.0001). Female patients averaged 58 years, with a 69% female study population.
Conclusions: Gal-3BP is significantly elevated in PAH patients, correlating with disease severity and predicting survival, positioning it as a promising biomarker for PAH diagnosis and prognosis. Future studies should examine Gal-3BP's role in therapeutic response and refine its clinical application.

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Evaluating serum galectin-3 binding protein as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in pulmonary arterial hypertension: a comparative study. (2024). Global Cardiology, 2(4). https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2024.50

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