Editorials
28 March 2024
Vol. 2 No. 1 (2024)
Clinical trial design, endpoints and regulatory considerations in heart failure
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All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
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Following the withdrawal of flosequinan in the early 1990s due to heightened mortality and fatal arrhythmia risks, regulatory agencies have demanded evidence of the efficacy of novel treatments in managing heart failure, with mortality and morbidity endpoints becoming more stringent criteria for approval. In recent times, regulatory agencies have exhibited a greater willingness to permit the evaluation of functional capacity as an efficacy endpoint, albeit limited to specific patient groupings. Consequently, a novel therapeutic intervention for heart failure may be granted approval provided that it enhances survival rates, decreases length of hospital stays, and/or safely improves functional capacity. This article reviews clinical trial design, trial endpoints and regulatory issues in heart failure trials.
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Citations
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Pani L, Pecorelli S, Rosano G, et al. Steps forward in regulatory pathways for acute and chronic heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail 2015;17:3-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ejhf.209
ESC Committee for Practice Guidelines. ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2016: The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure 2016 of the European Society of Cardiology. Developed in collaboration with the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. Eur J Heart Fail 2016;18:891-975. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ejhf.592
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Butler J, Fonarow GC, Zile MR, et al. Developing therapies for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: current state and future directions. JACC Heart Fail 2014;2:97-112. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchf.2013.10.006
Vaduganathan M, Greene SJ, Ambrosy AP, Gheorghiade M, Butler J. The disconnect between phase II and phase III trials of drugs for heart failure. Nat Rev Cardiol 2013;10:85-97. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nrcardio.2012.181
Zannad F, Garcia AA, Anker SD, et al. Clinical outcome endpoints in heart failure trials: a European Society of Cardiology Heart Failure Association consensus document. Eur J Heart Fail. 2013 Oct;15(10):1082-94. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/eurjhf/hft095
Fishbein DP, Hellkamp AS, Mark DB, et al. Use of the 6-min walk distance to identify variations in treatment benefits from implantable cardioverterdefibrillator and amiodarone: results from the SCD-HeFT (Sudden Cardiac Death in Heart Failure trial). J Am Coll Cardiol 2014;63:2560-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2014.02.602
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Harinstein ME, Butler J, Greene SJ, et al. Site selection for heart failure clinical trials in the USA. Heart Fail Rev 2015;20:375-83. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10741-015-9473-z
Rosano GM, Anker SD, Marrocco W, Coats AJ. Adaptive licensing. A way forward in the approval process of new therapeutic agents in Europe. Int J Cardiol 2015;184:568-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.02.112
Pelliccia F, Rosano GM. Back to the future: the crucial role of clinical registries in the era of randomized controlled trials for identifying the optimal medical therapy of heart failure. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother 2015;1:37-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ehjcvp/pvu015
Capuano A, Coats AJ, Scavone C, Rossi F, Rosano GM. Disclosure of negative trial results. A call for action. Int J Cardiol 2015;198:47-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.06.157
How to Cite
1.
Rosano GM. Clinical trial design, endpoints and regulatory considerations in heart failure. Global Cardiol [Internet]. 2024 Mar. 28 [cited 2025 Aug. 13];2(1). Available from: https://www.globalcardiology.info/site/article/view/18
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