Encasement of the left anterior descending coronary artery: association with Takotsubo syndrome, and diagnostic and therapeutic options
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
Authors
Myocardial bridging is a rare event, which leads to chest pain, arrhythmias and discussable Takotsubo syndrome (cardiomyopathy). We enrolled 41 patients (33 females, mean age 68.4 years), the majority of whom had Takotsubo cardiomyopathy in any form, and 6 had echocardiographic midventricular hypokinesia along with chest pain. Thirty patients had apical ballooning, 3 had midventricular ballooning, and 1 had basal ballooning, according to left ventricular angiography. Intravascular ultrasonography and fractional flow reserve with either an adenosine or dobutamine injection are the best methods for accurately diagnosing myocardial bridging. Beyond atherosclerosis, myocardial bridging is a prominent cause of chest pain, although ischemia is difficult to verify.
Altmetrics
Downloads
Citations
How to Cite
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
PAGEPress has chosen to apply the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) to all manuscripts to be published.
