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Global Cardiology

eISSN 2975-2728

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Editor-in-Chief: Andrew J.S. Coats, Australia

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  • Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and cardiovascular disease: a state-of-the-art review

    Aimen Shafiq, Ahmed Mustafa Rashid, Syed Raza Shah, Nicholas W.S. Chew, Wilhelm Haverkamp
    2026-04-10
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2026.94
    2850
    PDF: 1221
    HTML: 190
  • Familial hypercholesterolemia: state-of-the-art

    Ahmed Kamal Siddiqi, Kumail Mustafa Ali, Rameen Shahid, Shamna Haris, Anandita Kulkarni, Iliyan Mithani, Wilhelm Haverkamp, Muhammad Shahzeb Khan
    2026-06-29
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2026.102
    478
    PDF: 123
    HTML: 18
  • The impact of diurnal fasting during Ramadan on patients with established cardiac disease: a systematic review

    Marwan M. Refaat, Nadim El Jamal, Hebah M. El-Rayess, Anthony Gebran, Amar M. Salam
    2024-06-28
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2024.32
    3361
    PDF: 1242
    HTML: 28
  • Aldosterone synthase inhibitors in cardio-renal diseases: a state-of-the-art review

    Muhammad Hamza Dawood, Muhammad Shahzeb Khan, Ahmed Mustafa Rashid, Wilhelm Haverkamp
    2025-12-31
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2025.91
    716
    PDF: 245
    HTML: 51
  • Prognostic factors and outcome in patients submitted into coronary artery bypass surgery with total arterial myocardial revascularization

    Elias Tassoulas, Dimitrios Tasoulas, Christos Papaconstantinou, Ioannis Chlorogiannis
    2024-12-30
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2024.46
    3041
    PDF: 535
    HTML: 37
  • iCARDIO Alliance Global Implementation Guidelines for the Management of Obesity 2025 - Focus on prevention and treatment of cardiometabolic disease

    Stefan D. Anker, Linong Ji, Tammy Kindel, Andrew J.S. Coats, Dike Ojji, Adriana Puente Barragán, Peter Rossing, Shelley Zieroth, Shaaf Ahmad, Shariq Usman, Geeta Appannah, Alison L. Bailey, Ahmed Bennis, Andrea Brandao, Javed Butler, Melanie J. Davies, Lubomira Fabryova, Yuanlin Guo, Hidetaka Itoh, Uday M. Jadhav, Carel W. Le Roux, Fausto J. Pinto, Julio Rosenstock, Banshi Saboo, Hani Sabbour, Mangesh Tiwaskar, Karol E. Watson, Kwang Wei Tham, Fernando Stuardo Wyss Quintana, Walter P. Abhayaratna, William T. Abraham, Wael Al Mahmeed , Alessia Argirò, John J. Atherton, Danielle Belardo, Raquel Campuzano Ruiz, Nandini Chatterjee, Vijay Chopra, Marc-André Cornier, Sarah Davies, Clemencia de Rueda Panadero, Anastase Dzudie, Ty J. Gluckman, Muhammad Shahzeb Khan, Kamlesh Khunti, Yuri Lopatin, Zhiyi Ma, Okechukwu S. Ogah, Abraham Oomman, Emilio S. Peralta Lopez, Ping Li, Paul Poirier, Julie Redfern, Giuseppe M.C. Rosano, Donna Ryan, Amit Saraf, Sameh Shaheen, Subodh Verma, Stephan von Haehling, Yuhui Zhang, Martha Gulati, Naveed Sattar, José Luis Zamorano
    2025-09-30
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2025.86
    3610
    PDF: 3257
    Supplementary: 401
    Appendix: 327
  • Evaluating serum galectin-3 binding protein as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in pulmonary arterial hypertension: a comparative study

    Arif Albulushi, Lama S. Alfehaid, Mosaad Alhussein, Amr Youssef
    2024-12-30
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2024.50
    2010
    PDF: 635
    HTML: 23
  • Is the obesity paradox present in left ventricular assist device recipients? A BMI-based analysis

    Saad Ahmed Waqas, Hibah Siddiqui, Faouzi Kallel, Shahzad Hassan
    2025-09-30
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2025.84
    378
    PDF: 389
    Supplementary: 184
    HTML: 49
  • Quality of life in Maltese adults with congenital heart disease: a second look An APPROACH-IS substudy

    Maryanne Caruana, Philip Moons, Adrienne H. Kovacs, Koen Luyckx, Corina Thomet, Werner Budts, Maayke Sluman, Katrine Eriksen, Mikael Dellborg, Malin Berghammer, Bengt Johansson, Alexandra Soufi, Edward Callus, Victor Grech, Silke Apers
    2024-03-28
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2024.26
    1870
    PDF: 227
    HTML: 9
  • Baseline echocardiographic characteristics of patients enrolled in the randomized investigation of MitraClip device in heart failure (RESHAPE HF-2) trial: comparison with COAPT and Mitra-FR

    Ralph Stephan von Bardeleben, Muhammad Shahzeb Khan, Martin Geyer, Tim Friede, Javed Butler, Monika Diek, Jutta Heinrich, Marius Placzek, Roberto Ferrari, William T. Abraham, Ottavio Alfieri, Angelo Auricchio, Antoni Bayes-Genis, John G.F. Cleland, Gerasimos Filippatos, Finn Gustafsson, Wilhelm Haverkamp, Malte Kelm, Karl-Heinz Kuck, Ulf Landmesser, Aldo P. Maggioni, Marco Metra, Vlasis Ninios, Mark C. Petrie, Tienush Rassaf, Frank Ruschitzka, Ulrich Schäfer, P. Christian Schulze, Konstantinos Spargias, Alec Vahanian, Jose Luis Zamorano, Andreas Zeiher, Mahir Karakas, Friedrich Koehler, Mitja Lainscak, Alper Öner, Nikolaos Mezilis, Efstratios K. Theofilogiannakos, Ilias Ninios, Michael Chrissoheris, Panagiota Kourkoveli, Konstantinos Papadopoulos, Grzegorz Smolka, Wojciech Wojakowski, Krzysztof Reczuch, Fausto J. Pinto, Łukasz Wiewiórka, Zbigniew Kalarus, Marianna Adamo, Evelyn Santiago-Vacas, Tobias Friedrich Ruf, Michael Gross, Joern Tongers, Gerd Hasenfuß, Wolfgang Schillinger, Piotr Ponikowski, Stefan D. Anker
    2024-06-28
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2024.40
    5821
    PDF: 896
    HTML: 50
  • Frequency of low-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol measurement and risk of major adverse cardiovascular outcomes: a 5-million-person nationwide cohort study

    Denis M. Ngina, Wolfram Doehner, George Ntaios, Yvonne Nartey, Ralph K. Akyea
    2025-09-30
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2025.85
    580
    PDF: 94
    HTML: 67
  • Elevated endostatin is associated with hypertension treatment, elevated high sensitivity C-reactive protein, increased waist-hip ratio, and attenuated kidney function, but not with age, in a middle-aged population

    Anders Larsson, Bertil Wegmann, Toralph Ruge, Joakim Alfredsson, Carl Johan Östgren, Tomas Lindahl
    2025-04-16
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2025.64
    2868
    PDF: 576
    HTML: 12
  • The muscle hypothesis of shortness of breath in patients with cachexia

    Stefan D. Anker, Muhammad Shahzeb Khan, Laibah Arshad Khan, Giuseppe M.C. Rosano, Maurizio Volterrani, Mitja Lainscak, Piotr Ponikowski, Andrew J.S. Coats
    2024-12-30
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2024.57
    3233
    PDF: 927
    HTML: 44
  • Preferential vasodilator effects of levosimendan in resistance pulmonary arteries in a rodent pulmonary embolism model

    Camila Bedo, Juan C. Grignola
    2024-03-28
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2024.25
    1601
    PDF: 295
    HTML: 18
  • Coronary artery calcium scoring. What clinicians need to know

    Syeda Sundus Shah Bokharii, Cristiana Vitale, Eman Khan, Giuseppe M.C. Rosano, Laibah Arshad Khan
    2025-12-11
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2025.87
    3297
    PDF: 610
    HTML: 364
  • Carotid artery stenosis related mortality among older adults (>65 years): a retrospective analytical study

    Abu Huraira Bin Gulzar, Ayesha Ahmed Cheema, Hina Nadeem, Syed Sarmad Javaid, Wolfram Doehner, Hafsa Azam
    2026-06-05
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2026.103
    217
    PDF: 55
    SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: 14
    HTML: 1
  • Elevated left ventricular end diastolic pressure, chronic pulmonary oedema and valve disease

    Prithwish Banerjee
    2024-04-08
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2024.23
    2333
    PDF: 302
    HTML: 1040
  • Biological plausibility and implications of obesity associated valvular heart diseases

    Francesco Fioretti, Brian R. Lindman, Javed Butler
    2024-11-05
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2024.49
    2902
    PDF: 869
    HTML: 34
  • Sex differences in clinical characteristics and outcomes in heart failure with mildly reduced and preserved ejection fraction

    Christian Basile, Stefan D. Anker, Gianluigi Savarese
    2025-07-16
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2025.76
    982
    PDF: 283
    Supplementary: 201
    Appendix: 148
    HTML: 65
  • Impella vs intra-aortic balloon pump in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated with cardiogenic shock: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis

    Muhammad Ahmed, Serish Bano, Mutahira Asif, F.N.U. Sidra, Meva Ram, Shahida Bibi
    2025-04-16
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2025.61
    4828
    PDF: 912
    Supplementary: 439
    HTML: 0
  • Detection of early heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in metabolic syndrome patients detected as part of a national screening program in middle aged subjects

    Jelena Čelutkienė, Agnė Monika Jakštaitė, Jolita Badarienė, Svetlana Solovjova, Ieva Slivovskaja, Rokas Navickas, Edita Kazėnaitė, Egidija Rinkūnienė, Alma Čypienė, Jonas Misiūra, Ligita Ryliškytė, Aleksandras Laucevičius, Andrew J.S. Coats
    2023-12-29
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2023.3
    1789
    pdf: 348
    HTML: 14
  • Acute interventional management of spontaneous coronary artery dissection: case series and literature review

    Enrico Cerrato, Ilaria Meynet, Giorgio Quadri, Federico Giacobbe, Cristina Rolfo, Francesco Tomassini, Fabio Ferrari, Fabio Mariani, Luca Lo Savio, Matteo Bianco, Paola Destefanis, Alessia Luciano, Carol Gravinese, Emanuele Tizzani, Sara Giolitto, Antonella Corleto, Fabrizio D’Ascenzo, Umberto Barbero, Fernando Macaya, Javier Escaned, Roberto Pozzi, Ferdinando Varbella
    2024-03-28
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2024.22
    4089
    PDF: 271
    HTML: 46
  • The impact of frailty on in-hospital outcomes in patients with HFrEF

    Saad Ahmed Waqas, Taimor Mohammed Khan, Ahmed Kamal Siddiqi, Shahzad Hassan, Stefan D. Anker
    2025-12-17
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2025.88
    617
    PDF: 239
    Supplementary: 81
    HTML: 24
  • Optimized heart failure therapy in patients with very advanced cancer in palliative care: dosing strategies from the EMPATICC trial

    Markus S. Anker, Sven Bercker, Ulrich Laufs, Michael Böhm, Bela Merkely, Monika Diek, Tim Heise, Martin Hellmich, Marius Placzek, Tim Friede, Stefan D. Anker, Lorenz Lehmann, Ulf Landmesser, Dominik P. Modest, Muhammad Shahzeb Khan, Amir A. Mahabadi, Matthias Totzeck, Mitra Tewes, Muhammad Sameer Arshad, Raluca Mincu, Javed Butler, Ulrich Keller, Johann Ahn, Lars Bullinger, Tienush Rassaf
    2025-08-20
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2025.78
    688
    PDF: 480
    Appendix: 257
    HTML: 70
  • Ischemic and bleeding outcomes by diabetes status in patients receiving ticagrelor monotherapy after percutaneous coronary intervention: an updated meta-analysis

    Muhammad Ahmed, Faiqa Iqbal, Muhammad Talha Safdar, Barka Sajid, Muhammad Ahmed Ali Fahim, Salim Surani
    2026-03-31
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2026.99
    775
    PDF: 284
    SUPPLEMENTARY FILES: 231
    HTML: 92
  • The scientific targets: the myocardium, the vasculature and the body’s response to heart failure

    Rafael Vidal-Pérez, Ewa A. Jankowska
    2024-03-28
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2024.19
    2909
    PDF: 308
    HTML: 25
  • The effect of sauna on cardiac and skeletal muscle function in patients with HFpEF (SAUNA-HFpEF): rationale and design

    Tarek Bekfani, Kris G. Vargas, Flor Gomez, Alexander Schmeisser, Ruediger C. Braun-Dullaeus
    2025-06-30
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2025.67
    2816
    PDF: 589
    HTML: 146
  • The Global Implementation Guidelines Initiative: how to optimize cardio-renal-metabolic care worldwide

    Fausto J. Pinto, Stefan D. Anker, William T. Abraham, John J. Atherton, Javed Butler, Vijay Chopra, Andrew J.S. Coats, Yann Colardelle, Maria Rosa Costanzo, Veronica Dean, Gerasimos Filippatos, Martha Gulati, Julio Rosenstock, John Teerlink, Subodh Verma, Jose Luis Zamorano, Yuhui Zhang, Shelley Zieroth
    2025-04-16
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2025.68
    3922
    PDF: 703
    Appendix: 470
    HTML: 40
  • Preliminary study on the immunohistochemical expression of galectin-3 in hypertrophic hearts

    Cecilia Salzillo, Lorenzo Giovannico, Giuseppe Fischetti, Gerardo Cazzato, Mario Magistro, Grazia Nucci, Gabriella Serio, Andrea Marzullo
    2024-06-28
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2024.37
    1546
    PDF: 409
    HTML: 28
  • Hypertension-related heart failure mortality among older adults in the United States: a nationwide analysis of demographic and regional trends

    Muhammad Muneeb Ur Rehman, Muhammad Sameer Arshad, Muhammad Abdul Tawab, Rahael Javaid, Sunil Modi, Marat Fudim
    2026-03-31
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2026.97
    1331
    PDF: 316
    SUPPLEMENTARY FILES: 236
    HTML: 134
  • Advanced cancer as a heart failure like syndrome due to cardiac wasting cardiomyopathy: facts and numbers

    Muhammad Shahzeb Khan, Javed Butler, Laibah Arshad Khan, Markus S. Anker
    2024-12-30
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2024.58
    3609
    PDF: 661
    HTML: 118
  • Patent foramen ovale: when does it need closure?

    Aimen Shafiq, Richard A. Krasuski
    2026-03-31
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2026.98
    1066
    PDF: 290
    HTML: 149
  • Iron deficiency in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: rationale and design of the FAIR-HFpEF trial

    Stephan von Haehling, Wolfram Doehner, Ruben Evertz, Tania Garfias-Veitl, Monika Diek, Mahir Karakas, Ralf Birkemeyer, Gerasimos Fillippatos, Piotr Ponikowski, Michael Böhm, Tim Friede, Stefan D. Anker
    2023-12-27
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2023.15
    2885
    pdf: 795
    HTML: 51
  • Prevalence of left ventricular dysfunction and relationship with serum selenium in apparently healthy pregnant women: results from the PEACE registry

    Kamilu M. Karaye, Idris Y. Mohammed, Hadiza Sa’idu, Naser A. Ishaq, Suleiman A. Balarabe, Jamilu Tukur, Tewogbade A. Adedeji, Olufemiwa N. Makinde, Rasaaq A. Adebayo
    2024-06-28
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2024.36
    1727
    PDF: 474
    HTML: 23
  • Effect of metformin and empagliflozin on myocardial function in insulin-resistant patients with heart failure: rationale and design of the METRIS-HF-DZHK18 Trial

    Wolfram Doehner, Tim Friede, Frank Edelmann, Ulf Landmesser, Sebastian Winkler, Burkert Pieske, Fabian Knebel, Sebastian Kelle, Diethelm Tschöpe, Antje Meyer, Nadja Jauert, Marius Placzek, Jeanette Schulz-Menger, Stephan von Haehling, Stefan D. Anker
    2025-12-31
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2025.89
    417
    PDF: 139
    Appendix: 49
    HTML: 14
  • Advancements in transcatheter tricuspid valve repair and replacement: a state-of-the-art review with echocardiographic outcomes

    Asad Gul Rao, Syed Sarmad Javaid, Ahmed Mustafa Rashid, Fawaz Alenezi
    2025-09-15
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2025.81
    1132
    PDF: 605
    HTML: 271
  • Safety and efficacy of left atrial appendage closure in cancer versus non-cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

    Muhammad Ahmed, Fatima Muskan, Mohsin Zaheer, Manesh Kumar, Sawera Gul, Abdul Hadi Ansari, Muhammad Sameer Jamal, Muhammad Sohaib Asghar, M. Chadi Alraies, Shiny Teja Kolli, Praveen Kumar Komminni, Priya Hotwani, Vishal Reddy Bejugam
    2025-06-30
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2025.72
    1427
    PDF: 392
    Supplementary: 199
    HTML: 160
  • Evolving targets for heart failure: the journey so far

    Giuseppe M.C. Rosano, Jerneja Farkas
    2023-11-28
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2023.6
    2374
    pdf: 440
    HTML: 4
  • Using multiple primary endpoints in clinical trials with a focus on heart failure

    Stefan D. Anker, Javed Butler, Khawaja M. Talha, Tim Friede
    2024-06-28
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2024.33
    6179
    PDF: 869
    HTML: 345
  • Neck-to-height ratio in Bosnian university students according to the 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines on hypertension classification

    Asija Začiragić, Marija Mikić, Amela Dervišević, Orhan Lepara, Nesina Avdagić, Nermina Babić, Almir Fajkić, Amina Valjevac
    2024-03-28
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2024.27
    2123
    PDF: 370
    HTML: 16
  • The association of iron deficiency with right ventricular dysfunction in Africans with heart failure

    Adeseye A. Akintunde, Sope T. Orugun
    2024-12-30
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2024.53
    2675
    PDF: 449
    Appendix B: 501
    Appendix A: 348
    HTML: 10
  • Relaxin-2 for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a comment on the termination of a phase-II trial investigating the relaxin-2 analogue, LY3540378

    Thomas Bernd Dschietzig, Guy Salama
    2024-12-30
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2024.56
    4723
    PDF: 997
    HTML: 119
  • Defining iron replete status in patients with heart failure treated with intravenous iron

    Khawaja M. Talha, Javed Butler, Stephan von Haehling, Mitja Lainscak, Piotr Ponikowski, Stefan D. Anker
    2023-12-21
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2023.17
    3341
    pdf: 471
    HTML: 72
  • Anomalous origin of right coronary artery from the pulmonary artery: an incidental finding on cardiac computed tomography in a patient presenting with dyspnea

    Rachel Anne Xuereb, Sara Xuereb, Kentaro Yamagata, Robert George Xuereb
    2024-03-28
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2024.24
    1635
    PDF: 286
    HTML: 21
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iCARDIO

May 1 marked the release of the #iCARDIO Guidelines on Heart Failure, now live in Global Cardiology. This global-first effort brings flexible, practical guidance to frontline providers managing #heartfailure in any setting. www.globalcardiology.info/site/article... #GlobalHealth #cardiosky

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— iCardio (@icardio.bsky.social) May 13, 2025 at 8:26

Keywords

Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026)
Draft Document for Public Consultation: iCARDIO Alliance Global Implementation Guidelines on Ischemic Heart Disease Management 2026

Ischemic heart disease (IHD) remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide.  Coronary artery disease (CAD) encompasses any pathological process capable of compromising myocardial perfusion and although numerous etiologies exist, including vasculitis, spontaneous coronary artery dissection, and coronary embolism, the majority of CAD is attributable to coronary atherosclerosis, which constitutes the focus of this document. For practical purposes, CAD is considered present when any degree of atherosclerotic involvement...

Writing Task Force | iCARDIO-Alliance
5 February 2026
Vol. 4 No. 2 (2026)
Filling the void: digoxin and the first randomized evidence in rheumatic heart disease

The Digoxin in Rheumatic Heart Disease (Dig-RHD) trial marks an important shift in rheumatic heart disease by replacing long-standing therapeutic assumption with direct randomized evidence. In a condition affecting predominantly young patients in low- and middle- income countries, practice has often relied on extrapolation from non-valvular heart failure populations despite clear differences in disease biology, treatment access, and clinical context. By reducing heart failure events in symptomatic patients, Dig-RHD suggests that the value...

Viana Copeland et al.
3 July 2026
Vol. 4 No. 2 (2026)
Familial hypercholesterolemia: state-of-the-art

Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) affects about 20 million people worldwide and remains markedly underdiagnosed and undertreated. Contemporary studies estimate the prevalence of heterozygous FH (HeFH) at 1 in 192 to 1 in 310, and the prevalence of homozygous FH (HoFH) at about 1 in 300,000. The 2016 United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey estimated FH prevalence at 1 in 250 adults. Untreated HeFH causes fatal coronary events before age 55 in about 50% of men and before age 60 in about 15% of women. Pathogenic...

Ahmed Kamal Siddiqi et al.
29 June 2026
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