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Global Cardiology

eISSN 2975-2728

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Editor-in-Chief: Andrew J.S. Coats, Australia

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  • iCARDIO Alliance Global Implementation Guidelines for the Management of Obesity 2025 - Focus on prevention and treatment of cardiometabolic disease

    Stefan D. Anker, Linong Ji, Tammy Kindel, Andrew J.S. Coats, Dike Ojji, Adriana Puente Barragán, Peter Rossing, Shelley Zieroth, Shaaf Ahmad, Shariq Usman, Geeta Appannah, Alison L. Bailey, Ahmed Bennis, Andrea Brandao, Javed Butler, Melanie J. Davies, Lubomira Fabryova, Yuanlin Guo, Hidetaka Itoh, Uday M. Jadhav, Carel W. Le Roux, Fausto J. Pinto, Julio Rosenstock, Banshi Saboo, Hani Sabbour, Mangesh Tiwaskar, Karol E. Watson, Kwang Wei Tham, Fernando Stuardo Wyss Quintana, Walter P. Abhayaratna, William T. Abraham, Wael Al Mahmeed , Alessia Argirò, John J. Atherton, Danielle Belardo, Raquel Campuzano Ruiz, Nandini Chatterjee, Vijay Chopra, Marc-André Cornier, Sarah Davies, Clemencia de Rueda Panadero, Anastase Dzudie, Ty J. Gluckman, Muhammad Shahzeb Khan, Kamlesh Khunti, Yuri Lopatin, Zhiyi Ma, Okechukwu S. Ogah, Abraham Oomman, Emilio S. Peralta Lopez, Ping Li, Paul Poirier, Julie Redfern, Giuseppe M.C. Rosano, Donna Ryan, Amit Saraf, Sameh Shaheen, Subodh Verma, Stephan von Haehling, Yuhui Zhang, Martha Gulati, Naveed Sattar, José Luis Zamorano
    2025-09-30
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2025.86
    3388
    PDF: 3213
    Supplementary: 400
    Appendix: 323
  • Familial hypercholesterolemia: state-of-the-art

    Ahmed Kamal Siddiqi, Kumail Mustafa Ali, Rameen Shahid, Shamna Haris, Anandita Kulkarni, Iliyan Mithani, Wilhelm Haverkamp, Muhammad Shahzeb Khan
    2026-05-06
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2026.102
    164
    PDF: 92
    HTML: 12
  • Iron deficiency in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: rationale and design of the FAIR-HFpEF trial

    Stephan von Haehling, Wolfram Doehner, Ruben Evertz, Tania Garfias-Veitl, Monika Diek, Mahir Karakas, Ralf Birkemeyer, Gerasimos Fillippatos, Piotr Ponikowski, Michael Böhm, Tim Friede, Stefan D. Anker
    2023-12-27
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2023.15
    2856
    pdf: 781
    HTML: 49
  • Baseline echocardiographic characteristics of patients enrolled in the randomized investigation of MitraClip device in heart failure (RESHAPE HF-2) trial: comparison with COAPT and Mitra-FR

    Ralph Stephan von Bardeleben, Muhammad Shahzeb Khan, Martin Geyer, Tim Friede, Javed Butler, Monika Diek, Jutta Heinrich, Marius Placzek, Roberto Ferrari, William T. Abraham, Ottavio Alfieri, Angelo Auricchio, Antoni Bayes-Genis, John G.F. Cleland, Gerasimos Filippatos, Finn Gustafsson, Wilhelm Haverkamp, Malte Kelm, Karl-Heinz Kuck, Ulf Landmesser, Aldo P. Maggioni, Marco Metra, Vlasis Ninios, Mark C. Petrie, Tienush Rassaf, Frank Ruschitzka, Ulrich Schäfer, P. Christian Schulze, Konstantinos Spargias, Alec Vahanian, Jose Luis Zamorano, Andreas Zeiher, Mahir Karakas, Friedrich Koehler, Mitja Lainscak, Alper Öner, Nikolaos Mezilis, Efstratios K. Theofilogiannakos, Ilias Ninios, Michael Chrissoheris, Panagiota Kourkoveli, Konstantinos Papadopoulos, Grzegorz Smolka, Wojciech Wojakowski, Krzysztof Reczuch, Fausto J. Pinto, Łukasz Wiewiórka, Zbigniew Kalarus, Marianna Adamo, Evelyn Santiago-Vacas, Tobias Friedrich Ruf, Michael Gross, Joern Tongers, Gerd Hasenfuß, Wolfgang Schillinger, Piotr Ponikowski, Stefan D. Anker
    2024-06-28
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2024.40
    5774
    PDF: 880
    HTML: 49
  • Effect of metformin and empagliflozin on myocardial function in insulin-resistant patients with heart failure: rationale and design of the METRIS-HF-DZHK18 Trial

    Wolfram Doehner, Tim Friede, Frank Edelmann, Ulf Landmesser, Sebastian Winkler, Burkert Pieske, Fabian Knebel, Sebastian Kelle, Diethelm Tschöpe, Antje Meyer, Nadja Jauert, Marius Placzek, Jeanette Schulz-Menger, Stephan von Haehling, Stefan D. Anker
    2025-12-31
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2025.89
    396
    PDF: 126
    Appendix: 42
    HTML: 11
  • Advancements in transcatheter tricuspid valve repair and replacement: a state-of-the-art review with echocardiographic outcomes

    Asad Gul Rao, Syed Sarmad Javaid, Ahmed Mustafa Rashid, Fawaz Alenezi
    2025-09-15
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2025.81
    941
    PDF: 577
    HTML: 262
  • Aldosterone synthase inhibitors in cardio-renal diseases: a state-of-the-art review

    Muhammad Hamza Dawood, Muhammad Shahzeb Khan, Ahmed Mustafa Rashid, Wilhelm Haverkamp
    2025-12-31
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2025.91
    675
    PDF: 230
    HTML: 36
  • Optimized heart failure therapy in patients with very advanced cancer in palliative care: dosing strategies from the EMPATICC trial

    Markus S. Anker, Sven Bercker, Ulrich Laufs, Michael Böhm, Bela Merkely, Monika Diek, Tim Heise, Martin Hellmich, Marius Placzek, Tim Friede, Stefan D. Anker, Lorenz Lehmann, Ulf Landmesser, Dominik P. Modest, Muhammad Shahzeb Khan, Amir A. Mahabadi, Matthias Totzeck, Mitra Tewes, Muhammad Sameer Arshad, Raluca Mincu, Javed Butler, Ulrich Keller, Johann Ahn, Lars Bullinger, Tienush Rassaf
    2025-08-20
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2025.78
    610
    PDF: 474
    Appendix: 251
    HTML: 70
  • Using multiple primary endpoints in clinical trials with a focus on heart failure

    Stefan D. Anker, Javed Butler, Khawaja M. Talha, Tim Friede
    2024-06-28
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2024.33
    6128
    PDF: 861
    HTML: 333
  • Cardiac wasting in patients with advanced cancer: state of the art review

    Laibah Arshad Khan, Muhammad Shahzeb Khan, Rania Usman Latif, Markus S. Anker
    2025-04-16
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2025.65
    2889
    PDF: 695
    HTML: 71
  • Clinical trial design, endpoints and regulatory considerations in heart failure

    Giuseppe M.C. Rosano
    2024-03-28
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2024.18
    5933
    PDF: 550
    HTML: 69
  • Patent foramen ovale: when does it need closure?

    Aimen Shafiq, Richard A. Krasuski
    2026-03-31
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2026.98
    1027
    PDF: 278
    HTML: 141
  • Ischemic and bleeding outcomes by diabetes status in patients receiving ticagrelor monotherapy after percutaneous coronary intervention: an updated meta-analysis

    Muhammad Ahmed, Faiqa Iqbal, Muhammad Talha Safdar, Barka Sajid, Muhammad Ahmed Ali Fahim, Salim Surani
    2026-03-31
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2026.99
    758
    PDF: 273
    SUPPLEMENTARY FILES: 228
    HTML: 91
  • Lipoprotein(a): what clinicians need to know

    Laibah Arshad Khan, Muhammad Hanif, Ahmed Mustafa Rashid
    2025-09-01
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2025.80
    787
    PDF: 1141
    HTML: 36
  • Aortic valve replacement in asymptomatic severe aortic stenosis. A focused review

    Aimen Shafiq, Rohan Dev Trehan, Mitja Lainscak, Sanjeev Trehan
    2025-12-31
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2025.93
    379
    PDF: 166
    HTML: 21
  • The effect of SGLT2 inhibitors on health status in patients with heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis

    Muhammad Shariq Usman, Arsalan Hamid, Shurjeel Uddin Qazi, Mikhail N. Kosiborod, Deepak L. Bhatt, Muhammad Shahzeb Khan, Muthiah Vaduganathan, Javed Butler
    2024-06-28
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2024.35
    3203
    PDF: 765
    Conflict of interest: 354
    SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: 296
    HTML: 88
  • Sex differences in clinical characteristics and outcomes in heart failure with mildly reduced and preserved ejection fraction

    Christian Basile, Stefan D. Anker, Gianluigi Savarese
    2025-07-16
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2025.76
    968
    PDF: 277
    Supplementary: 195
    Appendix: 145
    HTML: 63
  • Iron supplementation in heart failure and iron deficiency: does it help?

    Laibah Arshad Khan, Syed Sarmad Javaid, Javed Butler
    2025-09-30
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2025.82
    870
    PDF: 469
    HTML: 77
  • Importance of patient-reported outcomes in cardiovascular illnesses

    Wardah Rasool, Ahmed Kamal Siddiqi, Laibah Arshad Khan
    2025-06-30
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2025.69
    2382
    PDF: 535
    HTML: 172
  • Obesity and left atrial function: state of the art

    Ahmed Mustafa Rashid, Muhammad Shahzeb Khan, Fawaz Alenezi, Stefan D. Anker, Fabian Knebel
    2026-03-31
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2026.96
    832
    PDF: 288
    HTML: 98
  • Defining iron replete status in patients with heart failure treated with intravenous iron

    Khawaja M. Talha, Javed Butler, Stephan von Haehling, Mitja Lainscak, Piotr Ponikowski, Stefan D. Anker
    2023-12-21
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2023.17
    3326
    pdf: 459
    HTML: 69
  • Beyond trial neutrality: treatment discontinuation and the hidden signal in SPIRIT-HF trial

    Viana Copeland, Andrew J.S. Coats
    2026-03-31
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2026.100
    1283
    PDF: 336
    HTML: 163
  • Sex-based differences in characteristics, management, and outcomes in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction

    Christian Basile, Stefan D. Anker, Gianluigi Savarese
    2025-06-30
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2025.73
    1001
    PDF: 329
    Supplementary: 194
    Appendix: 146
    HTML: 118
  • The scientific targets: the myocardium, the vasculature and the body’s response to heart failure

    Rafael Vidal-Pérez, Ewa A. Jankowska
    2024-03-28
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2024.19
    2887
    PDF: 302
    HTML: 25
  • To clip or not to clip moderate-to-severe functional mitral regurgitation in patients with heart failure?

    Muhammad Shahzeb Khan, Javed Butler, Tim Friede, Piotr Ponikowski, Stefan D. Anker
    2024-11-05
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2024.44
    3128
    PDF: 859
    HTML: 37
  • Rationale and design for the peripartum cardiomyopathy in Nigeria (PEACE) registry

    Kamilu M. Karaye, Idris Y. Mohammed, Okechukwu S. Ogah, Basil N. Okeahialam
    2023-11-28
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2023.4
    1178
    pdf: 304
    HTML: 63
  • Bridging the gap: integrating stress echocardiography, iFR, CFR, and FFR in the evaluation of coronary artery disease

    Konstantinos Stamos, Theodora Delaporta, Antonios Delaportas
    2025-04-16
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2025.66
    1613
    PDF: 566
    HTML: 0
  • Prognostic factors and outcome in patients submitted into coronary artery bypass surgery with total arterial myocardial revascularization

    Elias Tassoulas, Dimitrios Tasoulas, Christos Papaconstantinou, Ioannis Chlorogiannis
    2024-12-30
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2024.46
    3008
    PDF: 521
    HTML: 35
  • Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and muscle: interpreting lean mass changes in clinical care

    Muhammad Sameer Arshad, Maaz Ali, Asad Ali Ahmed Cheema, Stefan D. Anker, Andrew J.S. Coats
    2026-03-31
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2026.101
    1209
    PDF: 391
    HTML: 134
  • Modulation of cardiac metabolism in heart failure

    Giuseppe M.C. Rosano, Andrew J.S. Coats
    2024-11-05
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2024.30
    2553
    PDF: 1252
    HTML: 73
  • The association of iron deficiency with right ventricular dysfunction in Africans with heart failure

    Adeseye A. Akintunde, Sope T. Orugun
    2024-12-30
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2024.53
    2630
    PDF: 439
    Appendix B: 499
    Appendix A: 347
    HTML: 9
  • Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and cardiovascular disease: a state-of-the-art review

    Aimen Shafiq, Ahmed Mustafa Rashid, Syed Raza Shah, Nicholas W.S. Chew, Wilhelm Haverkamp
    2026-04-10
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2026.94
    2575
    PDF: 975
    HTML: 175
  • Impella vs intra-aortic balloon pump in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated with cardiogenic shock: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis

    Muhammad Ahmed, Serish Bano, Mutahira Asif, F.N.U. Sidra, Meva Ram, Shahida Bibi
    2025-04-16
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2025.61
    4604
    PDF: 897
    Supplementary: 436
    HTML: 0
  • The impact of frailty on in-hospital outcomes in patients with HFrEF

    Saad Ahmed Waqas, Taimor Mohammed Khan, Ahmed Kamal Siddiqi, Shahzad Hassan, Stefan D. Anker
    2025-12-17
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2025.88
    586
    PDF: 201
    Supplementary: 68
    HTML: 21
  • Coronary artery calcium scoring. What clinicians need to know

    Syeda Sundus Shah Bokharii, Cristiana Vitale, Eman Khan, Giuseppe M.C. Rosano, Laibah Arshad Khan
    2025-12-11
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2025.87
    2382
    PDF: 598
    HTML: 329
  • Bridging the gap between study outcomes and real-world results. Algorithm-driven management in a rural cardioMEMS population

    Marc Atzenhoefer, Elizabeth Dille, Rebecca Steinke, Nicole Weigert, Keri Sabel, Kirsten Rasmussen
    2025-04-16
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2025.63
    3731
    PDF: 818
    HTML: 51
  • Acute interventional management of spontaneous coronary artery dissection: case series and literature review

    Enrico Cerrato, Ilaria Meynet, Giorgio Quadri, Federico Giacobbe, Cristina Rolfo, Francesco Tomassini, Fabio Ferrari, Fabio Mariani, Luca Lo Savio, Matteo Bianco, Paola Destefanis, Alessia Luciano, Carol Gravinese, Emanuele Tizzani, Sara Giolitto, Antonella Corleto, Fabrizio D’Ascenzo, Umberto Barbero, Fernando Macaya, Javier Escaned, Roberto Pozzi, Ferdinando Varbella
    2024-03-28
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2024.22
    4069
    PDF: 265
    HTML: 45
  • Intervention options: depression and cardiovascular disease during COVID-19

    Eirini Flouda, Athena Stefanatou, Tinia Apergi
    2023-11-28
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2023.5
    2000
    pdf: 347
    HTML: 33
  • The effect of sauna on cardiac and skeletal muscle function in patients with HFpEF (SAUNA-HFpEF): rationale and design

    Tarek Bekfani, Kris G. Vargas, Flor Gomez, Alexander Schmeisser, Ruediger C. Braun-Dullaeus
    2025-06-30
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2025.67
    2778
    PDF: 579
    HTML: 144
  • New left ventricular thrombus and embolic events in left ventricular dysfunction postmyocardial infarction

    Ali A. Youssef, Shaima Al-Omani, Mustafa A. Alrefae, Ahmad Suliman, Reem Hassan, Omar Saleh, Zizi S. Khalifa
    2024-11-05
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2024.43
    2177
    PDF: 758
    HTML: 11
  • Is the obesity paradox present in left ventricular assist device recipients? A BMI-based analysis

    Saad Ahmed Waqas, Hibah Siddiqui, Faouzi Kallel, Shahzad Hassan
    2025-09-30
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2025.84
    370
    PDF: 362
    Supplementary: 177
    HTML: 46
  • SGLT2 inhibitors and risk reduction for mortality in high-risk patients: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

    Tariq Jamal Siddiqi, Javed Butler, Andrew J.S. Coats, Subodh Verma, Tim Friede, Gerasimos Filippatos, Stefan D. Anker
    2023-11-23
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2023.2
    1437
    pdf: 335
    Supplementary Material: 65
    HTML: 198
  • Preliminary study on the immunohistochemical expression of galectin-3 in hypertrophic hearts

    Cecilia Salzillo, Lorenzo Giovannico, Giuseppe Fischetti, Gerardo Cazzato, Mario Magistro, Grazia Nucci, Gabriella Serio, Andrea Marzullo
    2024-06-28
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2024.37
    1536
    PDF: 398
    HTML: 27
  • Exercise capacity, iron deficiency and depressive symptoms in patients with asymptomatic chronic systolic heart failure

    Sven Christopher Aland, Christoph Gertler, Hannah Leonie Bräunig, Timo Schröder, Frank Edelmann, Rolf Wachter, Christoph Herrmann-Lingen, Gerd Hasenfuß, Anja Sandek
    2024-06-28
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2024.39
    1823
    PDF: 567
    HTML: 14
  • Relaxin-2 for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a comment on the termination of a phase-II trial investigating the relaxin-2 analogue, LY3540378

    Thomas Bernd Dschietzig, Guy Salama
    2024-12-30
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2024.56
    4678
    PDF: 992
    HTML: 119
  • Global Cardiology issue highlights

    Andrew J.S. Coats
    2024-06-28
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2024.41
    3623
    PDF: 460
    HTML: 0
  • Evolving targets for heart failure: the journey so far

    Giuseppe M.C. Rosano, Jerneja Farkas
    2023-11-28
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2023.6
    2259
    pdf: 425
    HTML: 4
  • Treatment pathways in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and obesity: perspectives from cardiology specialists and patients

    Javed Butler, Sanjiv J. Shah, Melissa Magwire, Carlos Campos, Muhammad Shariq Usman, Anthony Hoovler, Anup Sabharwal, Barry A. Borlaug
    2024-06-28
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2024.38
    2258
    PDF: 699
    SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: 340
    GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: 290
    HTML: 54
  • The muscle hypothesis of shortness of breath in patients with cachexia

    Stefan D. Anker, Muhammad Shahzeb Khan, Laibah Arshad Khan, Giuseppe M.C. Rosano, Maurizio Volterrani, Mitja Lainscak, Piotr Ponikowski, Andrew J.S. Coats
    2024-12-30
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2024.57
    3187
    PDF: 912
    HTML: 44
  • Adherence to lifestyle therapy in patients with chronic heart failure and comorbidity

    Elena Efremova, Alexander Shutov
    2023-12-20
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2023.8
    1422
    pdf: 370
    HTML: 45
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iCARDIO

May 1 marked the release of the #iCARDIO Guidelines on Heart Failure, now live in Global Cardiology. This global-first effort brings flexible, practical guidance to frontline providers managing #heartfailure in any setting. www.globalcardiology.info/site/article... #GlobalHealth #cardiosky

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— iCardio (@icardio.bsky.social) May 13, 2025 at 8:26

Keywords

Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026)
Draft Document for Public Consultation: iCARDIO Alliance Global Implementation Guidelines on Ischemic Heart Disease Management 2026

Ischemic heart disease (IHD) remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide.  Coronary artery disease (CAD) encompasses any pathological process capable of compromising myocardial perfusion and although numerous etiologies exist, including vasculitis, spontaneous coronary artery dissection, and coronary embolism, the majority of CAD is attributable to coronary atherosclerosis, which constitutes the focus of this document. For practical purposes, CAD is considered present when any degree of atherosclerotic involvement...

Writing Task Force | iCARDIO-Alliance
5 February 2026
New papers
Draft Document for Public Consultation: iCARDIO Alliance Global Implementation Guidelines on Obesity Management 2025

Despite the availability of several guidelines, inconsistencies in healthcare access, varying infrastructure, resource constraints and diverse local practices restrict their global applicability. This underscores the need for universal recommendations that address the unique challenges faced by patients and healthcare providers worldwide. Our Global Guidelines emphasize the incorporation of novel therapies, while integrating standard of care with the most up-to-date evidence to enable clinicians to optimize heart failure (HF) management....

Writing Task Force | iCARDIO-Alliance
9 May 2025
New papers
Carotid artery stenosis related mortality among older adults (>65 years): a retrospective analytical study

Stroke is a leading cause of death, with carotid artery stenosis (CAS) contributing substantially to ischemic events. Although CAS-related strokes remain common in older adults in the United States, mortality patterns and demographic disparities are not well described. We aimed to evaluate nationwide trends and disparities in CAS-related mortality among US adults aged ≥65 years from 1999 to 2020 using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (CDC WONDER) database. A retrospective...

Abu Huraira Bin Gulzar et al.
5 June 2026
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