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Global Cardiology

eISSN 2975-2728

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Editor-in-Chief: Andrew J.S. Coats, Australia

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  • iCARDIO Alliance Global Implementation Guidelines for the Management of Obesity 2025 - Focus on prevention and treatment of cardiometabolic disease

    Stefan D. Anker, Linong Ji, Tammy Kindel, Andrew J.S. Coats, Dike Ojji, Adriana Puente Barragán, Peter Rossing, Shelley Zieroth, Shaaf Ahmad, Shariq Usman, Geeta Appannah, Alison L. Bailey, Ahmed Bennis, Andrea Brandao, Javed Butler, Melanie J. Davies, Lubomira Fabryova, Yuanlin Guo, Hidetaka Itoh, Uday M. Jadhav, Carel W. Le Roux, Fausto J. Pinto, Julio Rosenstock, Banshi Saboo, Hani Sabbour, Mangesh Tiwaskar, Karol E. Watson, Kwang Wei Tham, Fernando Stuardo Wyss Quintana, Walter P. Abhayaratna, William T. Abraham, Wael Al Mahmeed , Alessia Argirò, John J. Atherton, Danielle Belardo, Raquel Campuzano Ruiz, Nandini Chatterjee, Vijay Chopra, Marc-André Cornier, Sarah Davies, Clemencia de Rueda Panadero, Anastase Dzudie, Ty J. Gluckman, Muhammad Shahzeb Khan, Kamlesh Khunti, Yuri Lopatin, Zhiyi Ma, Okechukwu S. Ogah, Abraham Oomman, Emilio S. Peralta Lopez, Ping Li, Paul Poirier, Julie Redfern, Giuseppe M.C. Rosano, Donna Ryan, Amit Saraf, Sameh Shaheen, Subodh Verma, Stephan von Haehling, Yuhui Zhang, Martha Gulati, Naveed Sattar, José Luis Zamorano
    2025-09-30
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2025.86
    2521
    PDF: 3007
    Supplementary: 359
    Appendix: 295
  • Iron deficiency in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: rationale and design of the FAIR-HFpEF trial

    Stephan von Haehling, Wolfram Doehner, Ruben Evertz, Tania Garfias-Veitl, Monika Diek, Mahir Karakas, Ralf Birkemeyer, Gerasimos Fillippatos, Piotr Ponikowski, Michael Böhm, Tim Friede, Stefan D. Anker
    2023-12-27
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2023.15
    2711
    pdf: 696
    HTML: 46
  • Baseline echocardiographic characteristics of patients enrolled in the randomized investigation of MitraClip device in heart failure (RESHAPE HF-2) trial: comparison with COAPT and Mitra-FR

    Ralph Stephan von Bardeleben, Muhammad Shahzeb Khan, Martin Geyer, Tim Friede, Javed Butler, Monika Diek, Jutta Heinrich, Marius Placzek, Roberto Ferrari, William T. Abraham, Ottavio Alfieri, Angelo Auricchio, Antoni Bayes-Genis, John G.F. Cleland, Gerasimos Filippatos, Finn Gustafsson, Wilhelm Haverkamp, Malte Kelm, Karl-Heinz Kuck, Ulf Landmesser, Aldo P. Maggioni, Marco Metra, Vlasis Ninios, Mark C. Petrie, Tienush Rassaf, Frank Ruschitzka, Ulrich Schäfer, P. Christian Schulze, Konstantinos Spargias, Alec Vahanian, Jose Luis Zamorano, Andreas Zeiher, Mahir Karakas, Friedrich Koehler, Mitja Lainscak, Alper Öner, Nikolaos Mezilis, Efstratios K. Theofilogiannakos, Ilias Ninios, Michael Chrissoheris, Panagiota Kourkoveli, Konstantinos Papadopoulos, Grzegorz Smolka, Wojciech Wojakowski, Krzysztof Reczuch, Fausto J. Pinto, Łukasz Wiewiórka, Zbigniew Kalarus, Marianna Adamo, Evelyn Santiago-Vacas, Tobias Friedrich Ruf, Michael Gross, Joern Tongers, Gerd Hasenfuß, Wolfgang Schillinger, Piotr Ponikowski, Stefan D. Anker
    2024-06-28
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2024.40
    5595
    PDF: 811
    HTML: 46
  • Effect of metformin and empagliflozin on myocardial function in insulin-resistant patients with heart failure: rationale and design of the METRIS-HF-DZHK18 Trial

    Wolfram Doehner, Tim Friede, Frank Edelmann, Ulf Landmesser, Sebastian Winkler, Burkert Pieske, Fabian Knebel, Sebastian Kelle, Diethelm Tschöpe, Antje Meyer, Nadja Jauert, Marius Placzek, Jeanette Schulz-Menger, Stephan von Haehling, Stefan D. Anker
    2025-12-31
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2025.89
    272
    PDF: 83
    Appendix: 27
    HTML: 10
  • Advancements in transcatheter tricuspid valve repair and replacement: a state-of-the-art review with echocardiographic outcomes

    Asad Gul Rao, Syed Sarmad Javaid, Ahmed Mustafa Rashid, Fawaz Alenezi
    2025-09-15
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2025.81
    652
    PDF: 489
    HTML: 208
  • Aldosterone synthase inhibitors in cardio-renal diseases: a state-of-the-art review

    Muhammad Hamza Dawood, Muhammad Shahzeb Khan, Ahmed Mustafa Rashid, Wilhelm Haverkamp
    2025-12-31
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2025.91
    450
    PDF: 135
    HTML: 20
  • Optimized heart failure therapy in patients with very advanced cancer in palliative care: dosing strategies from the EMPATICC trial

    Markus S. Anker, Sven Bercker, Ulrich Laufs, Michael Böhm, Bela Merkely, Monika Diek, Tim Heise, Martin Hellmich, Marius Placzek, Tim Friede, Stefan D. Anker, Lorenz Lehmann, Ulf Landmesser, Dominik P. Modest, Muhammad Shahzeb Khan, Amir A. Mahabadi, Matthias Totzeck, Mitra Tewes, Muhammad Sameer Arshad, Raluca Mincu, Javed Butler, Ulrich Keller, Johann Ahn, Lars Bullinger, Tienush Rassaf
    2025-08-20
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2025.78
    513
    PDF: 419
    Appendix: 230
    HTML: 64
  • Using multiple primary endpoints in clinical trials with a focus on heart failure

    Stefan D. Anker, Javed Butler, Khawaja M. Talha, Tim Friede
    2024-06-28
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2024.33
    5868
    PDF: 803
    HTML: 286
  • Cardiac wasting in patients with advanced cancer: state of the art review

    Laibah Arshad Khan, Muhammad Shahzeb Khan, Rania Usman Latif, Markus S. Anker
    2025-04-16
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2025.65
    2736
    PDF: 595
    HTML: 59
  • Clinical trial design, endpoints and regulatory considerations in heart failure

    Giuseppe M.C. Rosano
    2024-03-28
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2024.18
    5813
    PDF: 511
    HTML: 69
  • Patent foramen ovale: when does it need closure?

    Aimen Shafiq, Richard A. Krasuski
    2026-03-31
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2026.98
    27
    PDF: 12
    HTML: 0
  • Ischemic and bleeding outcomes by diabetes status in patients receiving ticagrelor monotherapy after percutaneous coronary intervention: an updated meta-analysis

    Muhammad Ahmed, Faiqa Iqbal, Muhammad Talha Safdar, Barka Sajid, Muhammad Ahmed Ali Fahim, Salim Surani
    2026-03-31
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2026.99
    49
    PDF: 18
    SUPPLEMENTARY FILES: 2
    HTML: 0
  • Lipoprotein(a): what clinicians need to know

    Laibah Arshad Khan, Muhammad Hanif, Ahmed Mustafa Rashid
    2025-09-01
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2025.80
    620
    PDF: 1009
    HTML: 32
  • Aortic valve replacement in asymptomatic severe aortic stenosis. A focused review

    Aimen Shafiq, Rohan Dev Trehan, Mitja Lainscak, Sanjeev Trehan
    2025-12-31
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2025.93
    267
    PDF: 94
    HTML: 8
  • The effect of SGLT2 inhibitors on health status in patients with heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis

    Muhammad Shariq Usman, Arsalan Hamid, Shurjeel Uddin Qazi, Mikhail N. Kosiborod, Deepak L. Bhatt, Muhammad Shahzeb Khan, Muthiah Vaduganathan, Javed Butler
    2024-06-28
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2024.35
    2879
    PDF: 710
    Conflict of interest: 337
    SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: 283
    HTML: 83
  • Sex differences in clinical characteristics and outcomes in heart failure with mildly reduced and preserved ejection fraction

    Christian Basile, Stefan D. Anker, Gianluigi Savarese
    2025-07-16
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2025.76
    876
    PDF: 236
    Supplementary: 170
    Appendix: 123
    HTML: 56
  • Iron supplementation in heart failure and iron deficiency: does it help?

    Laibah Arshad Khan, Syed Sarmad Javaid, Javed Butler
    2025-09-30
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2025.82
    597
    PDF: 377
    HTML: 68
  • Importance of patient-reported outcomes in cardiovascular illnesses

    Wardah Rasool, Ahmed Kamal Siddiqi, Laibah Arshad Khan
    2025-06-30
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2025.69
    2241
    PDF: 471
    HTML: 129
  • Obesity and left atrial function: state of the art

    Ahmed Mustafa Rashid, Muhammad Shahzeb Khan, Fawaz Alenezi, Stefan D. Anker, Fabian Knebel
    2026-03-31
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2026.96
    45
    PDF: 20
    HTML: 0
  • Defining iron replete status in patients with heart failure treated with intravenous iron

    Khawaja M. Talha, Javed Butler, Stephan von Haehling, Mitja Lainscak, Piotr Ponikowski, Stefan D. Anker
    2023-12-21
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2023.17
    3203
    pdf: 392
    HTML: 64
  • Beyond trial neutrality: treatment discontinuation and the hidden signal in SPIRIT-HF trial

    Viana Copeland, Andrew J.S. Coats
    2026-03-31
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2026.100
    39
    PDF: 36
    HTML: 0
  • Sex-based differences in characteristics, management, and outcomes in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction

    Christian Basile, Stefan D. Anker, Gianluigi Savarese
    2025-06-30
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2025.73
    895
    PDF: 275
    Supplementary: 167
    Appendix: 123
    HTML: 77
  • The scientific targets: the myocardium, the vasculature and the body’s response to heart failure

    Rafael Vidal-Pérez, Ewa A. Jankowska
    2024-03-28
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2024.19
    2802
    PDF: 277
    HTML: 24
  • To clip or not to clip moderate-to-severe functional mitral regurgitation in patients with heart failure?

    Muhammad Shahzeb Khan, Javed Butler, Tim Friede, Piotr Ponikowski, Stefan D. Anker
    2024-11-05
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2024.44
    3076
    PDF: 823
    HTML: 30
  • Rationale and design for the peripartum cardiomyopathy in Nigeria (PEACE) registry

    Kamilu M. Karaye, Idris Y. Mohammed, Okechukwu S. Ogah, Basil N. Okeahialam
    2023-11-28
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2023.4
    1107
    pdf: 276
    HTML: 59
  • Bridging the gap: integrating stress echocardiography, iFR, CFR, and FFR in the evaluation of coronary artery disease

    Konstantinos Stamos, Theodora Delaporta, Antonios Delaportas
    2025-04-16
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2025.66
    1527
    PDF: 442
    HTML: 0
  • Prognostic factors and outcome in patients submitted into coronary artery bypass surgery with total arterial myocardial revascularization

    Elias Tassoulas, Dimitrios Tasoulas, Christos Papaconstantinou, Ioannis Chlorogiannis
    2024-12-30
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2024.46
    2909
    PDF: 494
    HTML: 30
  • Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and muscle: interpreting lean mass changes in clinical care

    Muhammad Sameer Arshad, Maaz Ali, Asad Ali Ahmed Cheema, Stefan D. Anker, Andrew J.S. Coats
    2026-03-31
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2026.101
    112
    PDF: 50
    HTML: 0
  • Modulation of cardiac metabolism in heart failure

    Giuseppe M.C. Rosano, Andrew J.S. Coats
    2024-11-05
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2024.30
    2464
    PDF: 1204
    HTML: 61
  • The association of iron deficiency with right ventricular dysfunction in Africans with heart failure

    Adeseye A. Akintunde, Sope T. Orugun
    2024-12-30
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2024.53
    2511
    PDF: 426
    Appendix B: 467
    Appendix A: 332
    HTML: 6
  • MASLD and cardiovascular disease: a state-of-the-art review

    Aimen Shafiq, Ahmed Mustafa Rashid, Syed Raza Shah, Nicholas W.S. Chew, Wilhelm Haverkamp
    2026-04-10
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2026.94
    1121
    PDF: 469
    HTML: 13
  • Impella vs intra-aortic balloon pump in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated with cardiogenic shock: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis

    Muhammad Ahmed, Serish Bano, Mutahira Asif, F.N.U. Sidra, Meva Ram, Shahida Bibi
    2025-04-16
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2025.61
    4251
    PDF: 823
    Supplementary: 407
    HTML: 0
  • The impact of frailty on in-hospital outcomes in patients with HFrEF

    Saad Ahmed Waqas, Taimor Mohammed Khan, Ahmed Kamal Siddiqi, Shahzad Hassan, Stefan D. Anker
    2025-12-17
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2025.88
    375
    PDF: 138
    Supplementary: 35
    HTML: 16
  • Coronary artery calcium scoring. What clinicians need to know

    Syeda Sundus Shah Bokharii, Cristiana Vitale, Eman Khan, Giuseppe M.C. Rosano, Laibah Arshad Khan
    2025-12-11
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2025.87
    1499
    PDF: 455
    HTML: 177
  • Bridging the gap between study outcomes and real-world results. Algorithm-driven management in a rural cardioMEMS population

    Marc Atzenhoefer, Elizabeth Dille, Rebecca Steinke, Nicole Weigert, Keri Sabel, Kirsten Rasmussen
    2025-04-16
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2025.63
    3544
    PDF: 765
    HTML: 44
  • Acute interventional management of spontaneous coronary artery dissection: case series and literature review

    Enrico Cerrato, Ilaria Meynet, Giorgio Quadri, Federico Giacobbe, Cristina Rolfo, Francesco Tomassini, Fabio Ferrari, Fabio Mariani, Luca Lo Savio, Matteo Bianco, Paola Destefanis, Alessia Luciano, Carol Gravinese, Emanuele Tizzani, Sara Giolitto, Antonella Corleto, Fabrizio D’Ascenzo, Umberto Barbero, Fernando Macaya, Javier Escaned, Roberto Pozzi, Ferdinando Varbella
    2024-03-28
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2024.22
    3979
    PDF: 219
    HTML: 43
  • Intervention options: depression and cardiovascular disease during COVID-19

    Eirini Flouda, Athena Stefanatou, Tinia Apergi
    2023-11-28
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2023.5
    1918
    pdf: 304
    HTML: 29
  • The effect of sauna on cardiac and skeletal muscle function in patients with HFpEF (SAUNA-HFpEF): rationale and design

    Tarek Bekfani, Kris G. Vargas, Flor Gomez, Alexander Schmeisser, Ruediger C. Braun-Dullaeus
    2025-06-30
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2025.67
    2616
    PDF: 520
    HTML: 129
  • New left ventricular thrombus and embolic events in left ventricular dysfunction postmyocardial infarction

    Ali A. Youssef, Shaima Al-Omani, Mustafa A. Alrefae, Ahmad Suliman, Reem Hassan, Omar Saleh, Zizi S. Khalifa
    2024-11-05
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2024.43
    2039
    PDF: 735
    HTML: 10
  • Is the obesity paradox present in left ventricular assist device recipients? A BMI-based analysis

    Saad Ahmed Waqas, Hibah Siddiqui, Faouzi Kallel, Shahzad Hassan
    2025-09-30
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2025.84
    274
    PDF: 295
    Supplementary: 160
    HTML: 37
  • SGLT2 inhibitors and risk reduction for mortality in high-risk patients: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

    Tariq Jamal Siddiqi, Javed Butler, Andrew J.S. Coats, Subodh Verma, Tim Friede, Gerasimos Filippatos, Stefan D. Anker
    2023-11-23
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2023.2
    1305
    pdf: 298
    Supplementary Material: 50
    HTML: 162
  • Preliminary study on the immunohistochemical expression of galectin-3 in hypertrophic hearts

    Cecilia Salzillo, Lorenzo Giovannico, Giuseppe Fischetti, Gerardo Cazzato, Mario Magistro, Grazia Nucci, Gabriella Serio, Andrea Marzullo
    2024-06-28
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2024.37
    1406
    PDF: 363
    HTML: 22
  • Relaxin-2 for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a comment on the termination of a phase-II trial investigating the relaxin-2 analogue, LY3540378

    Thomas Bernd Dschietzig, Guy Salama
    2024-12-30
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2024.56
    4443
    PDF: 964
    HTML: 110
  • Exercise capacity, iron deficiency and depressive symptoms in patients with asymptomatic chronic systolic heart failure

    Sven Christopher Aland, Christoph Gertler, Hannah Leonie Bräunig, Timo Schröder, Frank Edelmann, Rolf Wachter, Christoph Herrmann-Lingen, Gerd Hasenfuß, Anja Sandek
    2024-06-28
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2024.39
    1674
    PDF: 515
    HTML: 10
  • Global Cardiology issue highlights

    Andrew J.S. Coats
    2024-06-28
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2024.41
    3553
    PDF: 432
    HTML: 0
  • Evolving targets for heart failure: the journey so far

    Giuseppe M.C. Rosano, Jerneja Farkas
    2023-11-28
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2023.6
    2164
    pdf: 384
    HTML: 4
  • Treatment pathways in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and obesity: perspectives from cardiology specialists and patients

    Javed Butler, Sanjiv J. Shah, Melissa Magwire, Carlos Campos, Muhammad Shariq Usman, Anthony Hoovler, Anup Sabharwal, Barry A. Borlaug
    2024-06-28
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2024.38
    2131
    PDF: 577
    SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: 324
    GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: 281
    HTML: 44
  • The muscle hypothesis of shortness of breath in patients with cachexia

    Stefan D. Anker, Muhammad Shahzeb Khan, Laibah Arshad Khan, Giuseppe M.C. Rosano, Maurizio Volterrani, Mitja Lainscak, Piotr Ponikowski, Andrew J.S. Coats
    2024-12-30
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2024.57
    2943
    PDF: 849
    HTML: 31
  • Adherence to lifestyle therapy in patients with chronic heart failure and comorbidity

    Elena Efremova, Alexander Shutov
    2023-12-20
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2023.8
    1329
    pdf: 317
    HTML: 41
  • Demographic and regional trends of heart failure and cachexia-related mortality among older adults in the United States, from 1999 to 2020

    Ishaque Hameed, Muhammad Nashit, Zahra Quettawala Mufaddal, Syed Sarmad Javaid, Muhammad Hanif
    2025-09-19
    https://doi.org/10.4081/cardio.2025.83
    388
    PDF: 238
    HTML: 53
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iCARDIO

May 1 marked the release of the #iCARDIO Guidelines on Heart Failure, now live in Global Cardiology. This global-first effort brings flexible, practical guidance to frontline providers managing #heartfailure in any setting. www.globalcardiology.info/site/article... #GlobalHealth #cardiosky

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— iCardio (@icardio.bsky.social) May 13, 2025 at 8:26

Keywords

Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026)
Draft Document for Public Consultation: iCARDIO Alliance Global Implementation Guidelines on Ischemic Heart Disease Management 2026

Ischemic heart disease (IHD) remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide.  Coronary artery disease (CAD) encompasses any pathological process capable of compromising myocardial perfusion and although numerous etiologies exist, including vasculitis, spontaneous coronary artery dissection, and coronary embolism, the majority of CAD is attributable to coronary atherosclerosis, which constitutes the focus of this document. For practical purposes, CAD is considered present when any degree of atherosclerotic involvement...

Writing Task Force | iCARDIO-Alliance
5 February 2026
Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026)
MASLD and cardiovascular disease: a state-of-the-art review

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), formerly nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, is the most prevalent chronic liver disease worldwide, affecting more than 30% of adults and up to 70–90% of individuals with obesity or type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) represents the leading cause of mortality in this population. MASLD is increasingly recognized as an independent cardiovascular risk factor beyond traditional metabolic comorbidities. This narrative review summarizes epidemiologic,...

Aimen Shafiq et al.
10 April 2026
Global Cardiology

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